PSG has now secured the prestigious cup on fourteen separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown between the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup winners after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side fired two times late to seize a surprise advantage. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial equaliser in the dying moments to send the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all converted with composure for PSG to complete a 4-1 penalty victory.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the past 13 seasons.